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Located in South Asia, India is the seventh-largest in terms of Geographical area and has the second-largest population in the world more than a sixth of the world population. Already containing nearly one-fifth of the world’s population, India is projected to be the world’s most populous country by 2025 surpassing China and its population will exceed 1.6 billion people by 2050. The land covers an area of 3.29 million square km and the population stands at around 1.30 billion people.
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
India is counted among the young nations as more than 50% of the population is below the age of 25 and more than 65% is below the age of 35. Whereas countries like the US, Europe, Japan, and China have a more aged population. It is expected that by 2050 the average age of Indians will be 38 years compared to 46 for China and 53 for Japan. It is also expected that by 2050 the dependency ratio should be around 0.5.
POLITICAL SYSTEM
The Republic of India is a federal union of states divided into twenty-eight states and eight union territories. India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic country. India has a federal form of government with certain unitary features which are based on the British parliamentary system. The constitution head of Executive of the Union is the President and the Parliament of Union consists of the President and two Houses are known as Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of People (Lok Sabha). The Constitution of India provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head to aid & advice the President. But the real executive power is thus vested in the Council of Ministers with Prime Minister as its head. The government at the state level has the same structure as that of the center. India’s judiciary is independent of the Parliament. It has the Supreme Court as the highest court, followed by a High Court for each state and a hierarchy of lower courts
GEOGRAPHY & NATURAL RESOURCES
India has abundant resources and shares its borders with China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. North is surrounded by towering Himalayas, which slope out into the great Indo-Gangetic plains. In Central India, the Vindhya ranges separate the Deccan peninsula from the northern plains. The southern region of India is surrounded by three bodies of water. They are the Arabian Sea to the south-west, the Indian Ocean on the southern side, and to the southeast lay the Bay of Bengal.
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